By Ted Dunnam, Dunnam Safety Management
As temperatures drop, both workers and machinery face new challenges. Staying safe and productive in cold weather requires a mix of preparation, awareness, and smart habits. Here are some reminders to help protect yourself and your equipment during the winter months.
Personal Safety – Preventing Cold-Related Injuries
Even in dry, cold conditions, the risk of hypothermia and frostbite is high because of low temperatures and wind chill. Always pay attention to wind exposure and any moisture from sweat or frost, as these can accelerate heat loss.
When dressing for cold weather, remember the C.O.L.D. method:
- CLEAN: keep clothing clean for better insulation,
- OVERHEATING: avoid overheating by removing layers if you start to sweat,
- LOOSE LAYERS: wear loose layers that allow for circulation, and
- DRY: stay dry by changing damp clothes right away. The best layering system includes a moisture-wicking base layer (synthetic or wool, never cotton), an insulating middle layer, and a wind-resistant outer shell.
Protect your hands, feet, and face from exposure. Choose warm, waterproof gloves and insulated safety boots, and cover your ears, nose, and cheeks with a face mask or neck gaiter. Avoid direct contact with cold metal surfaces—frozen metal can cause instant frostbite or cold burns.
Even though it’s cold, staying hydrated is important. Drink warm, non-caffeinated fluids throughout the day, and eat high-energy foods to help maintain your core temperature. Watch for signs of hypothermia—uncontrollable shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and loss of coordination—and frostbite, which can cause numbness, pale skin, and a waxy appearance. Get medical help immediately if these symptoms appear.
Equipment Safety – Preventing Machinery Damage
Cold weather can be just as tough on equipment as it is on people. Mechanical and electrical systems are especially vulnerable, so thorough pre-shift checks are essential.
Make sure antifreeze levels are adequate for the temperature range you’ll be working in—insufficient protection can lead to cracked engine blocks. Cold temperatures also reduce battery power, so inspect battery terminals for corrosion, confirm tight connections, and consider using block or pan heaters if equipment will sit overnight in freezing conditions.
Follow your manufacturer’s cold-start procedures, such as waiting for glow plugs or limiting cranking time, and never over-crank a stubborn engine. Once started, let the engine warm up at low idle before putting it under load.
Site Hazard Awareness – Dirt Work Specific
Winter brings unique jobsite hazards, even without snow. Black ice can form on bridges, ramps, and shaded surfaces, and is often invisible. Treat any dark or wet-looking areas as slippery. Check access steps and ladders for frost in the early morning, and always use three points of contact when climbing on or off machinery. Slow down when operating equipment—slippery ground increases stopping distance and reduces steering control.
Frozen ground can also create problems. Digging through frost requires extra power, which stresses excavator buckets, teeth, and arms, so inspect them daily for cracks or damage. Be alert to changing conditions throughout the day—frozen ground can thaw into soft mud or unstable soil as temperatures rise, which can affect trench stability and footing.
Visibility can be another challenge. Condensation, fog, and shorter daylight hours make it harder to see clearly. Keep cab windows clean, ensure defrosters are working, and make sure all lights and warning beacons are clear of frost or dirt. Use extra caution when maneuvering equipment in low light or glare conditions.
A little preparation and awareness go a long way in keeping everyone safe and keeping projects moving smoothly during the winter season. Stay warm, stay alert, and look out for each other out there!
About the Author:
With over 35 years of experience in construction and general industry, Ted Dunnam brings extensive knowledge and hands-on expertise to every project. Two years ago, he founded Dunnam Safety Management to help contractors of all sizes—whether building a safety program from scratch or enhancing an existing one. Ted takes pride in helping companies create safer, more efficient workplaces through practical, effective safety solutions.
